ICU

International Components for Unicode — एक व्यापक रूप से उपयोग की जाने वाली ओपन-सोर्स लाइब्रेरी जो इमोजी प्रोसेसिंग सहित Unicode और अंतर्राष्ट्रीयकरण समर्थन प्रदान करती है।

ICU is the reference implementation for Unicode algorithms. It provides C/C++ and Java libraries for text handling, including: character encoding conversion, text boundary analysis (critical for emoji grapheme clusters), collation (sorting), and locale-sensitive formatting.

Many platforms and languages use ICU internally: Node.js, Python, Android, macOS/iOS, and most web browsers. The `Intl.Segmenter` API in JavaScript, which correctly splits text including emoji, is typically backed by ICU.

ICU also provides emoji-aware text segmentation, which is essential for correctly counting and manipulating emoji in strings.